Bunions

A bunion forms when the big toe shifts toward the other toes and the bones move out of alignment.

Why it happens
Foot shape often runs in families. Tight shoes can worsen the pressure and symptoms. Bunions may gradually become larger, but not all are painful.

What you may notice
A bump, soreness or redness at the base of the big toe, especially in tight shoes.

Understanding surgery
Bunion surgery usually changes the position of bones and balances nearby soft tissues; it is often more than shaving off a bump. Plates or screws may hold the bones as they heal. The procedure depends on the foot and x-ray findings.

 Treatment and what to expect
Your clinician may use an exam and x-rays to assess the joint. Treatment aims to ease pain. Surgery is considered when symptoms still interfere with daily life despite other care. Padding and inserts help reduce pressure but cannot move the bones back into place. If surgery is discussed, ask how long you will need to limit walking, work and driving. Recovery depends on the procedure.

When to call
Call if pain limits walking or shoe wear, or if skin over the bump breaks down. 

Your next steps
● Choose shoes with a wide toe area and low heels.
● Ask about padding or shoe inserts to reduce pressure.
● Reduce activities that make the joint sore. Comfortable shoes can ease symptoms but do not straighten the bones.

Planning ahead
Surgery is generally considered for pain and problems with daily activities, not appearance alone. A painless bunion usually does not need surgery. 

Ask which shoes, walking aids and help at home you may need. Confirm when you may put weight on the foot and return to driving or work.

Recovery and long-term comfort
Full recovery may take several months, and swelling can last longer. Follow the instructions for your specific procedure rather than someone else’s timeline. Surgery cannot guarantee a smaller shoe size or comfortable use of pointed shoes. Possible problems include infection, stiffness, nerve symptoms or return of the bunion.